oxygen atom - traducción al Inglés
![Oxygen and [[MAPP gas]] compressed-gas cylinders with regulators](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Compressed gas cylinders.mapp and oxygen.triddle.jpg?width=200 "Oxygen and [[MAPP gas]] compressed-gas cylinders with regulators")
![[[Space-filling model]] representation of dioxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) molecule](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oxygen molecule.png?width=200 "[[Space-filling model]] representation of dioxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) molecule")
![aufbau]] filling of the orbitals with the 12 electrons, 6 from each O atom, beginning from the lowest-energy orbitals, and resulting in covalent double-bond character from filled orbitals (and cancellation of the contributions of the pairs of σ and σ<sup>*</sup> and π and π<sup>*</sup> orbital pairs).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oxygen molecule orbitals diagram.JPG?width=200 "aufbau]] filling of the orbitals with the 12 electrons, 6 from each O atom, beginning from the lowest-energy orbitals, and resulting in covalent double-bond character from filled orbitals (and cancellation of the contributions of the pairs of σ and σ<sup>*</sup> and π and π<sup>*</sup> orbital pairs).")
![2}} is used in [[space suit]]s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/STS057-89-067 - Wisoff on the Arm (Retouched).jpg?width=200 "2}} is used in [[space suit]]s.")
Ex: An oxygen molecule is a small dumbbell less than a nanometer across: two oxygen atoms with two electrons flying between acting as the bonding agent.
![hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Atomic-orbital-clouds spdf m0.png?width=200 "hydrogen-like]] atomic orbitals showing probability density and phase ('''g''' orbitals and higher are not shown)")
![These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Atomic orbital energy levels.svg?width=200 "These electron's energy levels (not to scale) are sufficient for ground states of atoms up to [[cadmium]] (5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup>) inclusively. Do not forget that even the top of the diagram is lower than an unbound electron state.")
![100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Atomic resolution Au100.JPG?width=200 "100]]) surface. The surface atoms deviate from the bulk [[crystal structure]] and arrange in columns several atoms wide with pits between them (See [[surface reconstruction]]).")
![The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Binding energy curve - common isotopes.svg?width=200 "The [[binding energy]] needed for a nucleon to escape the nucleus, for various isotopes")
![Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bose Einstein condensate.png?width=200 "Graphic illustrating the formation of a [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]")
![Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Daltons symbols.gif?width=200 "Atoms and molecules as depicted in [[John Dalton]]'s ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' vol. 1 (1808)")
![The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Geiger-Marsden experiment expectation and result.svg?width=200 "The [[Geiger–Marsden experiment]]:<br /> ''Left:'' Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom with negligible deflection.<br /> ''Right:'' Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected by the concentrated positive charge of the nucleus.")
![Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nucleosynthesis periodic table.svg?width=200 "Periodic table showing the origin of each element. Elements from carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the [[alpha process]]. Elements beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture ([[s-process]]). Elements heavier than iron may be made in neutron star mergers or supernovae after the [[r-process]].")
![A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Potential energy well.svg?width=200 "A potential well, showing, according to [[classical mechanics]], the minimum energy ''V''(''x'') needed to reach each position ''x''. Classically, a particle with energy ''E'' is constrained to a range of positions between ''x''<sub>1</sub> and ''x''<sub>2</sub>.")
![Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wpdms physics proton proton chain 1.svg?width=200 "Illustration of a nuclear fusion process that forms a deuterium nucleus, consisting of a proton and a neutron, from two protons. A [[positron]] (e<sup>+</sup>)—an [[antimatter]] electron—is emitted along with an electron [[neutrino]].")
Ex: Thus atoms, mountains and men are things studied by discipline such as physics, geology and biology.
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* hydrogen atom = átomo de hidrógeno
* oxygen atom = átomo de oxígeno
Ex: The lethal effect of displacement of oxygen by an inert gas, such as nitrogen, on insect populations was investigated.
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* medicinal oxygen = oxígeno medicinal
* oxygen atom = átomo de oxígeno
* oxygen mask = máscara de oxígeno
* oxygen molecule = molécula de oxígeno
* oxygen starvation = falta de oxígeno, falta de oxigenación
Definición
Wikipedia
Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Oxygen is Earth's most abundant element, and after hydrogen and helium, it is the third-most abundant element in the universe. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O
2. Diatomic oxygen gas currently constitutes 20.95% of the Earth's atmosphere, though this has changed considerably over long periods of time. Oxygen makes up almost half of the Earth's crust in the form of oxides.
All plants, animals, and fungus need oxygen for cellular respiration, which extracts energy by the reaction of oxygen with molecules derived from food and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. In tetrapods breathing brings oxygen into the lungs where gas exchange takes place, carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood, and oxygen diffuses into the blood. The body's circulatory system transports the oxygen the cells, where cellular respiration takes place.
Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms contain oxygen atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, as do the major constituent inorganic compounds of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as a component of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is continuously replenished in Earth's atmosphere by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms. Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O
3), strongly absorbs ultraviolet UVB radiation and the high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation. However, ozone present at the surface is a byproduct of smog and thus a pollutant.
Oxygen was isolated by Michael Sendivogius before 1604, but it is commonly believed that the element was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774. Priority is often given for Priestley because his work was published first. Priestley, however, called oxygen "dephlogisticated air", and did not recognize it as a chemical element. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, who first recognized oxygen as a chemical element and correctly characterized the role it plays in combustion.
Common uses of oxygen include production of steel, plastics and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steels and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.
